top-down: proceeding by breaking large general aspects (as of a problem) into smaller more detailed constituents : working from the general to the specific
bottom-up: progressing upward from the lowest levels (as of a stratified organization or system)
A Data Model have three basic components: Entities, Attributes, Entity Types.
Entity: An entity is a uniquely identifiable object for which information is to be collected.
Attribute: An attribute is a characteristic of an entity.
Entity Type: An entity type is a set of entities with common attributes.
Primary Key: A primary key is that attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies an entity of a particular type. A customer ID number might serve as the primary key of the customers entity type.
Relationships between entities can be classified in several ways:
Cardinality: the cardinality of a relationship describes the number of entities of one type that relate to entities of other types.
Optionality: The optionality of a relationship describes whether or not entities of one type must refer to entities of another type.
Category: A relationship’s category provides information about whether one entity is identified by its relationship to another entity
ABAP第二步:建立、维护数据表
主要ABAP相关技术简称 描述 备注
Internal Table 内表处理
CATT 计算机辅助测试工具 SCAT
BDC 批量数据处理程序 SHDB等
List 数据列表,报表输出使用
Selection 数据选择
Screen 屏幕设计 SE51
Menu 菜单绘制器 SE41
Form 单据打印 SE71
SmartForms 单据打印 SmartForms
Query 简单查询 SQ01
BAPI API接口 BAPI
ALV SAP List Viewer
ALV Tree ALV分类汇总
Table Control Screen相关
Excel处理 读入和存出
UserExit 用户出口 CMOD,SMOD
Tree Control Tree 控件
数据字典 数据字典 SE11
逻辑库 逻辑库 SE36
权限 用户权限管理(BASIS) PFCG
测试跟踪 SQL跟踪 ST05
授权 授权及权限检测 SU21、SU20
LSMW 数据导入工具 LSMW
常用T-Code及描述
TCODE 描述 备注
ABAPDOCU ABAP文档和范例
BAPI BAPI浏览器
CMOD/SMOD 系统增加
LSMW 数据导入工具 数据导入
PFCG 权限管理
SA38 程序执行
SCAT 计算机辅助测试工具,测试,数据导入等 数据导入
SCC1 集团拷贝
SCC4 显示集团
SE09 运输组织者,查询传输请求
SE11 数据字典
SE16 数据浏览器
SE32 文本元素设定
SE36 逻辑数据器
SE37 函数据模块
SE38 ABAP编辑器
SE41 菜单制作器
SE51 屏幕制作器
SE55 生成表维护程序
SE71 Form设计 单据打印
SE78 Form、SmartForms使用图片上载
SE80 对象浏览器
SE90 对象浏览器
SE91 消息设定
SE93 维护事务代码
SHDB 批输入代码 数据导入
SM04 显示在线用户
SM30 维护表视图
SM35 进程监控
SM50 超时用户
SMARTFORMS SmartForms设计 单据打印
SNUM 编号对象维护
SO10 标准文本,设定Form使用的TIFF图片等
SPAD 假脱机管理
SQ01 Query查询制作
ST05 SQL跟踪
SU20 授权字段 授权
SU21 授权对象 授权
WE21 IDOC处理中的端口 IDOC
Internal Table:
ABAP/4中的Internal Table是一种Data Structure,类似于其它语言中的STRUTURE,它可以由几个不同类型的字段(field)组成,用来表示具有不同属性的某一事物,单独一笔数据表示某个事物,多笔数据表示具有相同属性的多个事物.例如:
为了存取或记录某班的同学资料,我们创建如下的internal table:
DATA: BEGIN OF STUDENT OCCURS 20,
STD_ID TYPE N,
NAME(10) TYPE C,
AGE TYPE I,
BIRTH TYPE D,
SCORE TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF STUDENT.
此时我们已经创建了名叫STUDENT的internal table,并且为它预先申请了能够存放20笔资料的Buffer(当然,如果存取资料不止20笔,程序执行时,会自动申请系统Buffer)
Internal table 的定义有以下几种格式:
格式一. DATA: BEGIN OF
[
… ]
END OF
格式二. TYPES: BEGIN OF
[
… ]
END OF
TYPES
格式三. DATA: BEGIN OF
INCLUDE STRUCTURE
DATA: END OF
DATA:
SE11: Create new Table “YTCITY”
“Delivery and Maintenance” Tab:
Delivery Class: we can choose ”A” as Application Table, or we can select other delivery class as well.Data Browser/ Table View Maint: we choose “Display/Maintenance Allowed”, so we can edit the Database Table later without restrictions.
“Fields” Tab:
Select “Predefined Type” to define Data Type and Length
Input data required
Click the “Technical Settings”, after input the Data Class and Size Category, click the green arrow to return the last page, save and active the database table.
Press “Enter”, then the Selection Screen appears.
F8 execute,
Drill down to see the separate record
Batch Maintain datas
Find Screen Number, and let the system Propose Screen Numbers
Click the “Create” button
Choose “Local Object”, then “Request completed without errors” appears at the state bar.
SM30 Maintain the datas
Choose “Maintain” button
没有评论:
发表评论